The Problem
News is in that the UK has become more dependent on imported energy. And that's very bad news indeed. It's bad news for business, bad news for everyone who has to pay energy bills and bad news for the environment. According to the Department for Energy and Climate Change, the UK is producing less local energy, either from fossil fuels or renewables, and the net energy import dependence has now reached 29 per cent. Fossil fuels account for most of that. The total amount of imported fuel rose by 7.1 per cent each year between 2009 and 2013.
A big problem with this is that imported energy leaves us vulnerable to high, volatile oil and gas prices - prices that are passed down to the consumer. Energy poverty, defined as 'not being able to heat and fuel your home to an adequate level' by the European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN), is a serious, and growing, social problem in the UK. Thanks to our reliance on imports, as well as the effect of international market regulations, our dependence on fossil fuels and the costs of low-carbon policies to reduce CO2 emissions, energy prices have risen dramatically and are going to keep on rising. The Office for National Statistics shows there was an increase of 55 per cent in energy bills between 2002 and 2012. Quite simply, for many families in the UK this translates to a decline in living standards.
Many commentators have been quick to pin the blame for ever-rising energy bills on environmental taxes, which aim to promote energy efficiency and clean air programmes. But the Committee on Climate Change, an independent government agency, has shown that wholesale cost in the international market accounted for nearly two thirds of the increase in gas and oil prices, while environmental policies only accounted for just 7%. Reducing or eliminating environmental taxes may moderately decrease energy prices in the short term, but it will not tackle the real causes of the increase in energy prices in the long term.
Our fossil-fuel habit not only affects our pocket, of course; it has a huge impact on the environment too. Generating electricity is one of the biggest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The DECC’s figures show that the UK’s net emissions of CO2 (carbon dioxide, the main gas produced by fossil fuel use) were estimated to be 474.1 million tonnes in 2012. That's around 4,4% higher than 2011. We know that these emissions are responsible for the greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon that keeps the Earth’s surface average temperature at about 15 °C. This is the temperature needed for the survival of most living beings (humans included). But we are currently facing an intensification of the greenhouse effect in a very short period of time, leading to an increase in the Earth’s surface average temperature and accelerating global climate change, with serious challenges ahead.
We're already seeing some of the consequences of climate change, which include extreme weather events (hurricanes, flooding, heat waves), desertification, extinction of species unable to adapt to rapidly changing conditions, and even possible changes in the ocean currents that regulate global temperatures.
The moment has come to take action, collaborate to mitigate the effects of climate change accept the challenge of producing and using energy resources in a sustainable manner. We need to reduce our daily energy consumption, increase energy efficiency, demand that the government introduces measures to increase renewable energy sources, and switch to a “reuse and recycle” behaviour.